Peripheral sensory stimulation (PSS) represents a new area of therapy for patients with neurological disorders. Grounded in strong basic science research, PSS carries potential promise in the management of multiple diseases. We reviewed the literature regarding those conditions that represent reasonable targets for treatment with PSS including stroke, Parkinson’s disease, traumatic brain injury, and auto-immune, inflammatory illness. Potential mechanisms of action are discussed, and future avenues of investigation are described.